ນັກວິທະຍາສາດຈີນ ເລັ່ງພັດທະນາມັນຝຣັ່ງ ທີ່ທົນທານຕໍ່ສະພາບອາກາດປ່ຽນແປງ

ນັກ​ຊີ​ວະ​ວິ​ທະ​ຍາ​ໂມ​ເລ​ກຸນ ຈີນ ທ່ານ ຫຼີ ເຈຍ​ປິງ ແລະ ທີມ​ງານ​ຂອງ​ທ່ານ​ແມ່ນ​ກຳ​ລັງ​ຟ້າວ​ທີ່​ຈະ​ພັດ​ທະ​ນາ “ສຸດຍອດ​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ”, ເຊິ່ງ​ແມ່ນ​ຊະ​ນິດ​ທີ່​ຕ້ານ​ທານ​ຕໍ່​ອຸນ​ຫະ​ພູມ​ທີ່​ຮ້ອນ​ຂຶ້ນ, ຍ້ອນ​ຄວາມ​ຢ້ານ​ກົວ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ສະ​ພາບ​ອາ​ກາດ​ປ່ຽນ​ແປງ.

ການ​ສຶກ​ສາ​ສາມ​ເດືອນ​ຂອງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ໃນ​ນະ​ຄອນຫຼວງ ປັກ​ກິ່ງ ໄດ້​ຄົ້ນ​ຄວ້າ​ຫາ​ຜົນ​ກະ​ທົບ ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ ອຸນ​ຫະ​ພູມ​ສູງ​ຕໍ່​ຜົນຜະ​ລິດຂ​ອງ​ພືດ.

ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ປົກ​ກະ​ຕິ​ທີ່​ປູກ​ໃນ​ແຂວງ ເຮີ​ເບ ທາງ​ພາກ​ເໜືອ​ຂອງ ຈີນ ແລະ ໃນ​ປະ​ເທດ ມົງ​ໂກ​ເລຍ ແມ່ນ​ມັກ​ຈະ​ມີ​ຂະ​ໜາດ​ສອງ​ເທົ່າ​ຂອງ​ໝາກ​ບານ ເບ​ສບອ​ລ.

ແຕ່​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ທີ່​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ປູກ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ການ​ສຶກ​ສາ, ເຊິ່ງບາງ​ໜ່ວຍ​ແມ່ນບໍ່​ໃຫຍ່ກວ່າ​ໄຂ່​ນົກ​ກະ​ທາ​ນັ້ນ, ໄດ້​ເປັນ​ສັນ​ຍານ​ທີ່ບໍ່​ດີ​ສຳ​ລັບ​ອະ​ນາ​ຄົດ​ຂອງ​ຄວາມ​ໝັ້ນ​ຄົງ​ດ້ານ​ອາ​ຫານ.

ທ່ານ ຫຼີ ໄດ້​ກ່າວ​ວ່າ “ຂ້ອຍ​ຮູ້​ສຶກ​ເປັນ​ຫ່ວງ​ຍ້ອນ​ການ​ປ່ຽນ​ແປງ​ຂອງ​ອຸນ​ຫະ​ພູມ. ປັດ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ນີ້​ຂ້ອຍ​ໃຊ້​ສິ່ງ​ແວດ​ລ້ອມ​ທີ່​ມີ​ອຸນ​ຫະ​ພູມ​ແຕກ​ຕ່າງ ໃນ​ອຸ​ຫະ​ພູມ​ສະ​ເລ່ຍ 3 ອົງ​ສາ​ແຊ​ລ​ຊຽ​ສ ແລະ ມັນ​ໄດ້​ສົ່ງ​ຜົນ​ກະ​ທົບ​ຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ​ຕໍ່​ຜົນ​ຜະ​ລິ​ດ. ນັ້ນ​ກໍ​ໝາຍ​ຄວາມ​ວ່າ ອຸນ​ຫະ​ພູມ​ທີ່​ສູງ​ຂຶ້ນ ມັນ​ຈະຫຼຸດ​ຜົນ​ຜະ​ລິດ​ທີ່​ມີຄວາມ ຫຼາກຫຼາຍ​ຂອງ​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ໃນ​ປັດ​ຈຸ​ບັນ​ນີ້​ລົງ​ຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ.”

ການ​ສຶກ​ສາ​ຂອງ​ທ່ານ ຫຼີ, ເຊິ່ງ​ຢູ່​ພາຍ​ໃຕ້​ສູນ​ກາງ​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ສາ​ກົນ ທີ່​ມີ​ຫ້ອງ​ການ​ຕັ້ງ​ຢູ່​ປະ​ເທດ ເປ​ຣູ, ໄດ້​ດຳ​ເນີນ​ການ​ດ້ວຍ​ການ​ເປັນ​ຄູ່​ຮ່ວມ​ມື​ກັບ​ລັດ​ຖະ​ບານ ຈີນ.

ປະ​ເທດ​ດັ່ງ​ກ່າວ​ແມ່ນ​ຜູ້​ຜະ​ລິດ​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ລາຍ​ໃຫຍ່​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ຂອງ​ໂລກ.

ແລະ ພືດ​ດັ່ງ​ກ່າວ​ແມ່​ນ​ສຳ​ຄັນ​ຕໍ່​ຄວາມ​ໝັ້ນ​ຄົງ​ຂອງ​ອາ​ຫານ​ໂລກ ຍ້ອນ​ຜົນ​ຜະ​ລິດ​ທີ່​ສູງ​ຂອງ​ພວກ​ມັນ ເມື່ອ​ທຽບ​ໃສ່​ກັບ​ພືດຫຼັກ​ອື່ນໆ.

ແຕ່​ມັນ​ມີ​ຄວາມ​ສ່ຽງ​ເປັນ​ພິ​ເສດ​ຕໍ່​ຄວາມ​ຮ້ອນ.

ທ່ານ ຫຼີ ກ່າວ​ວ່າ “ຍ້ອນ​ແນວ​ນັ້ນ​ການ​ນຳ​ຂອງ ຈີນ ຈຶ່ງ​ໃຫ້​ຄວາມ​ສົນ​ໃຈ. ຄວາມ​ເປັນຈິງ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ພາບ​ອາ​ກາດ​ປ່ຽນ​ແປງແມ່ນ​ກຳ​ລັງ​ເກີດ​ຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ຮູ້​ວ່າ​ນີ້​ອາດ​ມີ​ຜົນ​ກະ​ທົບ​ດ້ານ​ລົບ​ຕໍ່​ພາກ​ກະ​ສິ​ກຳ. ສະ​ນັ້ນ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ຢາກ​ຈະ​ພັດ​ທະ​ນາ​ຂໍ້​ແກ້​ໄຂ​ຕ່າງໆ ແລະ ແຜນ​ຍຸດ​ທະ​ສາດ ກ່ອນ​ທີ່​ຜົນ​ກະ​ທົບ​ຈະ​ເກີດ​ຂຶ້ນ.”

ບັນ​ດາ​ຊາວ​ນາ​ໃນ ຈີນ ເວົ້າ​ວ່າ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ໄດ້​ຮູ້​ສຶກ​ເຖິງ​ຜົນ​ກະ​ທົບ​ຂອງ​ເຫດ​ການ​ສະ​ພາບ​ອາ​ກາດ​ຮ້າຍ​ແຮງ​ແລ້ວ.

ຢູ່​ໃນ​ປະ​ເທດ ມົງ​ໂກ​ເລຍ, ຄົນ​ງານຫຼາຍ​ສິບ​ຄົນ​ຖື​ກະ​ສອບ​ສີ​ຂາວ​ພາ​ກັນ​ຟ້າວ​ໄປ​ເກັບ​ເອົາ​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ທີ່​ຂຸດ​ຂຶ້ນ​ມາ​ຈາກ​ດິນ​ກ່ອນ​ທີ່​ຝົນ​ຈະ​ຕົກ​ໜັກ​ອີກ​ຄັ້ງ.

ຜູ້​ຈັດ​ການ ທ່ານ ຫວັງ ຊີ​ ຢີ ກ່າວ​ວ່າ​ມັນ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ຜົນ​ກະ​ທົບ​ໂດຍ​ອີກ​ເຫດ​ການ​ນຶ່ງ ທີ່​ໄດ້​ກາຍ​ເປັນ​ເລື່ອງ​ທົ່ວ​ໄປ ຍ້ອນ​ສະ​ພາບ​ອາ​ກາດ​ປ່ຽນ​ແປງ​ຄື ນ້ຳ​ຖ້ວມ.

ທ່ານ ຫວັງ ກ່າ​ວ​ວ່າ “ສິ່ງ​ທ້າ​ທາຍ​ທີ່​ໃຫຍ່​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ສຳ​ລັບ​ມັນ​ຝ​ຣັ່ງ​ໃນ​ປີນີ້​ກໍ​ແມ່ນ​ຝົນ​ຕົກ​ໜັກ, ເຊິ່ງ​ໄດ້​ກໍ່​ໃຫ້​ເກີດຫຼາຍ​ບັນ​ຫາ. ຍົກ​ຕົວ​ຢ່າງການ​ຂາດ​ນ້ຳ, ແກ່​ກ່ອນ​ກຳ​ນົດ, ແລະ ຍ້ອນ​ຝົນ​ຕົກ​ເກີນ​ຂະ​ໜາດ, ມັນ​ໄດ້​ກໍ່​ໃຫ້​ເກີດ​ໂຣກຫຼາຍ​ຊະ​ນິດ, ເຊັ່ນ​ໂຣກ​ໃບ​ໄໝ້ ແລະ ບັນ​ຫາ​ອື່ນໆ​ເຊັ່ນ​ຫົວ​ມັນ​ເໜົ່າ.

ອ່ານ​ຂ່າວນີ້​ເປັນ​ພາ​ສາ​ອັງ​ກິດ

Driven by fear of climate change, Chinese molecular biologist Li Jieping and his team are racing to develop a 'super-potato' - one that is resistant to hotter temperatures.

Their three-month study in Beijing looked at the effect of higher temperatures on crop yields.

Typical tubers grown in northern Hebei and Inner Mongolia are often twice the size of a baseball.

But the potatoes they ended up with in the study, some no bigger than a quail's egg, were an ominous sign for future food security.

"I feel it is worrying because of the temperature changes. I'm currently using settings with a temperature difference of an average of 3 degrees Celsius and this has had a significant impact on yield. That means higher temperatures will notably reduce the output of current potato varieties."

Li's study, under the Peru-based International Potato Center, was done in partnership with the Chinese government.

The country is the world's biggest potato producer.

And the crop is crucial to global food security because of its high yield compared to other staple crops.

But it's especially vulnerable to heat.

"This is why China's leadership is paying attention. The reality is climate change is happening and they are aware that this could have a negative impact on agriculture. So they want to develop solutions and strategies before such impacts take hold."

Farmers in China say they are already feeling the effects of extreme weather events.

In Inner Mongolia, dozens of workers clutching white sacks rush to gather potatoes dug up from the soil before the next downpour.

Manager Wang Shi Yi says they're impacted by another event that has become more common due to climate change: flooding.

"The biggest challenge for potatoes this year has been the heavy rainfall, which has caused several issues. For example, dehydration, early ageing, and due to the excessive rainfall, various diseases have appeared, such as late blight and other issues like tuber rot."

Such problems have farmers increasingly turning to aeroponic systems, where plants are grown without soil...

But climate change also raises the risk of diseases such as blight, which thrives in warm and humid conditions.

One manager of an Inner-Mongolia based seed potato producer says a warming climate has led to more aggressive strains of blight emerging, making it more difficult to control.

Molecular biologist Li says Chinese farmers will need to make changes within the next decade.

Until a super-potato arrives, he says they should plant during spring instead of the start of summer, or move to higher altitudes to escape the heat.